home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- MILESTONES, Page 72
-
-
- DIED. B.F. Skinner, 86, a pioneer of behaviorist psychology;
- in Cambridge, Mass. Skinner advanced the concept that human and
- animal behavior can be shaped almost exclusively by the effects
- of stimulus and positive and negative reinforcement. In a
- series of laboratory experiments, he conditioned rats to press
- levers and pigeons to play table tennis by rewarding them with
- food. These feats occurred in the now famous "Skinner box," a
- soundproof enclosure with a food dispenser that a rat could
- operate by pressing a lever, and a pigeon by pecking a key.
- Skinner later applied his concept of programmed instruction to
- classroom teaching to improve students' reading, math and other
- skills through the reinforcement of praise. In his writings,
- including Walden Two and Beyond Freedom and Dignity, he called
- for restricting many individual liberties so that a Utopian
- society based on his principles of social engineering could be
- created.
-
-
-
-
-
-